The theory of adult learning and training

Understanding the theories and principles of adult learning is vital in order to become an effective teacher. The teaching and training of adults should start with a sound understanding of the theories and principles which underpin the adult learning mind. These theories will help you understand the mental processes and motivations of the adult learner and will also provide you with the basis for the design and delivery of your training and education.

The theory of adult learning and training has evolved over many years. It has provided educators with some key insights into how adults learn best, and how training and education should be designed and delivered to assist them in achieving their educational goals.

One of the pioneers of adult learning was an American called Malcolm Knowles who has been described in many texts as the father of adult education. He helped shift the emphasis from ‘teacher centred’ education to ‘learner centred’ education, and focused more on the humanistic needs of the adult learner. Some of the key principles he identified in order for learning to take place were

• Adults use different learning styles
• They like to link the learning to prior experiences
•  They like to be involved in their learning
• Their motivations to learn have to be right
• They like the learning environment to be positive and encouraging

Returning to education

More recently, the theorists have also identified that adults, particularly those re-turning to education after long periods, need to learn how to learn. Part of this process includes taking notes in class, understanding how to use these notes, planning and organising study time, study skills and memory techniques and preparing for exams.